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January 17 发烧猴子昨天才从河南的工地上回来。脸晒得红黑红黑的,风刮出了口子。这猴子向来不爱惜自己,自小在澳门长大,估计也从没见识过冻伤为何物。双手冻得紫红紫红地,肿了一圈,手背还结着痂。知道猴子是一个对事情认真到了执着份上的人。到了最后十天,她是拼了命一个人挖土推陶片。这小小的个子,羸弱的身体,到底是怎样在北方的土地上熬过来的。 晚上家里人唤我回家吃饭。饭毕收到猴子求救的短信,说自己好像发烧了。赶紧在家拿上药跑回来,一进门就看到猴子奄奄一息卷在小毛毯里。个子小,搁在门上壁橱的棉被也够不着, 还是我拿下给她盖上。什么东西都没吃,浑身力气都没了,全身在痛。 “喂,还说今晚去看林志玲(《赤壁(下)》)。” “唉,别提了,有力看都没力上。” “你有力都没胆上的啦。” “都不知道搞什么,我今天还打了几个小时球的。” “什么,你痴线的,刚回来还去打乒乓球!” 塞了杯麦片给她喝下,再盯着她吞下百服宁,才稍微安心一下。 “喂,你多喝点水啊,不然等下你烧退不了,今晚要拖你去急诊打针的。” “啊?打针?不要啦,最怕打针……” “那你赶快喝水啦!” 过两个小时再帮她探热看看吧。 猴子怎么从来不记得自己也是一个需要照顾的女孩子呢! January 07 [转]论王力宏同学的学术渊源(娱乐兼学术八卦)从我的同人男师兄处转来 浏览论坛,看到这个比较强的帖子,转贴过来,以飨各位。下面转贴的只是和题目有关系的一点点内容,原来的帖子里还有一些学术八卦,部分内容还颇有学术史的味道,且图文并茂,颇有看头哦。感兴趣的请点击以下链接:http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=4561820 January 04 亲爱的,你慢慢飞~虽然这首歌在石牌东安踏、岗顶国美、春运火车、某公厕、珠海3路公交车上的收音机都播过我亦因此觉得严重审丑疲劳,不过,歌词在此借用一下。 莎拉东~轻轻走,慢慢飞,乖乖念书,好好做人。 翻译的折腾这是翻译后感,作业之一 折腾 ——翻译Concentric Idols and Fractal Personhood后感
如果有哪一位老师要狠狠地打击一位本科生追求学术事业的勇气和愿望的话,给这篇翻译他/她做去吧!这是我完成翻译后想到的第一句话。 向来为国内的翻译事业抱打不平。翻译工作的难度和强度从来不亚于首次创作,可惜国内社会甚至术界都没有将翻译当作一个严肃的事业。翻译从业者,尤其是学术翻译,常常入不敷出,似乎这个从来不能作为谋生手段。辛辛苦苦译出一部大部头,即便深知其对国内知识界的价值,仍要担心出版发行。一旦发表,受到销量的压力不在话下,可能总会受到无情批评。更何况译者地位实在不能与作者同日而语。一部译作受到广大读者的喜爱,大家只会竖起大拇指称赞这位作者,却把译者扔在墙角。生存如此恶劣,也难怪国内学术翻译事业常给我一种“千疮百孔”之感。打开一本学术译作,满目都是些一个句子长达三四行,常常要打着灯笼拿着铅笔寻找主谓宾的所在。各种各样新鲜的、看起来似是而非的中文新词,未经传播就贸贸然出现在书中,让人云里雾里不知所云。一位海外专修英国文学的朋友曾经怀疑国内某些出版物是电脑翻译机+人手修饰而成! 啰啰嗦嗦一堆,也只不过表明我对要求甚高的翻译工作敬而远之。但功课归功课,实在不能逃脱。这篇文章借用了数学中的分形理论,分析波利尼西亚的一尊神像A’a,并由此展开,到其他文化中寻找一些类似的偶像崇拜的例子。作者行文思路清晰,论据充足,而且引用了戏剧、古典文学、宗教艺术等文献来说明问题。除却蛇行的俄罗斯套娃般层层叠叠的各种定语、状语、宾语、同位语从句外(这里我也写出了一个令人讨厌的英式中文句子),引用材料内容涉猎广博这同时也是这篇文章翻译的难点所在。 易卜生的《培尔·金特》、柏拉图等记述的《柏拉图的<会饮>》(旧译《对话录》,今采取刘小枫等译者的新译)、中世纪的英文,这些都是翻译的难点。幸运在于《培尔·金特》国内早在80年代就出版了萧乾的译本,虽然文体不同,但原文的精神把握相当精准。如果不是这次的功课,也许我根本不会看完大半本我向来敬畏的北欧戏剧,也根本不会翻开那看起来高深莫测的古希腊语文。 关于语言。本人一反感长句,二反感不知所谓的形容词与名词的搭配。但到了这次翻译,不得不屈服。翻译在于中西语言的精妙掌握,不同的字词在不同文化语境(context),自然包含不同的寓意(implication)。我相信这是一些学者坚持翻译本是不可能事的根据。并不是英文学得好,英译中就可以译得好。林纾并不懂得外语,借别人口述译出《茶花女》一方面是历史时间局限下的极端事例,另一方面也说明,精通中文对翻译的重要性。记得中学时读傅雷译的《高老头》,第一段讲述主角从乡下去到巴黎。傅老以“到京城”传神地表达出乡巴佬进城对主角而言的重要性。学贯中西的确是翻译的最高境界,但实质也是基本要求。 既然只是毛头小女子一个,我对自己的要求是将原本的思路线索梳理清楚,将长句的主谓宾逻辑顺序放在正确的位置,“信”在首。 不得不说的是,这样难度的翻译,对于同学们口中的“英语很厉害”的我也是非常吃力(可能大家也不过是习惯性恭维)。每次打开电脑开始读原文,我就忍不住捶胸顿足,感慨做学生的不易。最后这篇文章得以完成,必须感谢我那位从英国著名的St.Martin放假回国,主修艺术史、艺术评论与策展的好友(陈君杰小朋友)的帮助。 January 03 TMDe翻译真不是人干的 P2冤冤相报,死缠烂打,冤魂不散,打死罢就。 这里是上半篇,明天回学校把那段中古英文的翻译找出来抄上就胜利再望。 第二本书 7.11 P137-143 Concertric Idols and Fractal Personhood 同轴偶像与分形人格 Concentric Idols and Fractal Personhood to exhibit the animation of the idol through the congruence between the external relational context within which the idol is set, and the internal nexus of relations between the mind and the body(as a relation between inner and outer "persons") consider the Polynesian example in Fig.7.II/I, a carving from Rurutu in the Austral Isles, which has been in London since 1822 and which can be seen at the Museum of Mankind. this carving, in Rurutu called A’a, but more commonly identified as Tangaroa, is arguably the finest extant piece of Polynesian sculpture. Almost every other Rurutan idol was consigned to the flames by the missionaries, but this one was preserved, initially to drum up subscriptions for the London Missionary Society so that they could afford to destroy other, no doubt equally fine, carvings elsewhere. 想要通过内外关系丛——偶像本身已内置的外在关系背景以及内部的“灵魂”和“肉身”之间的关系(也是人们的心神与外物之间的关系)——的一致性来展示偶像的生气,可以考虑从1822年起就一直存放在伦敦的人类博物馆里的波利尼西亚作品Fig.7.II/I, 一尊来自南方岛链上鲁鲁图的雕塑。这座有理由被认为是波利尼西亚现存最好的雕塑。在Rurutu,它被叫做A’a,但更通常地,被称作Tangaroa。几乎所有其他的Rurutan偶像都被传教士的熊熊火光烧毁了,但这一座雕像幸免遇难。最初它是用来为伦敦传教士协会招募捐款,来毁掉其他各处雕刻的,同样精美的作品。 The most striking attribute of this carving is the way in which the features of the god are represented by little figures which repeat, in miniature, the overall form of the god as a whole. This god sprouts little gods all over its surface” mathematically, it is akin to the type of figure known as a ‘fractal’, a figure which demonstrates the property of self-similarity at different scales of magnification/minification. Moreover, besides being a god made of many gods, the A’a is also a box or an ark. It is hollow inside, having a lid at the back, and it originally contained twenty-four or more additional, smaller images of Rurutan gods, which were removed and destroyed in 1822. for all we know, the gods inside the A’a were themselves hollow, though I think not. But whereas we think of boxes as less significant than their contents, the A’a, even though it is a box, is the primary image of Rurutan divinity, encompassing and subordinating all the subordinate gods who sprout from its surface and once resided in its interior. According to contemporary Rurutan traditions, the exterior gods encompassed by the A’a correspond to the kinship units (clans) comprising Rurutan society as a whole. Many other important Polynesian carvings represent personhood in the form of genealogy, as for instance the related carving, a ‘staff god’, from the Cook Islands shown in Fig.7.11/2. 这座雕像最引人注目的特点是这个神的特点的表现方式。小神像以微型的复制品重复,全部形成一个整体的神。 这个神像的表面各处长出小神像:从数学上说, 就如同“分形”的图形,从不同的扩大、缩小的倍率描述自相似的特质。而且,除了这是一个由很多神组成的神以外,A’a 也是一个木舟箱。A’a里面是中空的,背面有个盖子,原来有着24个,甚至更多小型的Rurutan神,但在1822年都被移除销毁了。众所周知,在A’a体内的神像也是中空的,虽然我并不这样认为。即时人们觉得箱子没有里面的内容来得重要,但A’a,作为一个箱子,是Rurutan神的原始形象。它包围着,从属于从它表面长出的,曾存在在它体内的附属神像。根据现今Rurutan的传统,被A’a包围的外在的神像就如同共同构成Rurutan社会的亲属单位(氏族)。其他许多重要的波利尼西亚雕像也通过系谱关系表现人格,例如一座从库克群岛发现的相关的雕像,一个“支柱神”(Fig.7.II/2)。 What is particularly remarkable about the A’a is the explicit way in which this image of a ‘singular’ divinity represents divinity as an assemblage of relations between (literally) homunculi. In so doing, the A’a obviates the contrast between one and many, and also between inner and outer. The surface of this image consists of amalgamated replications of itself, or alternatively, a succession of budding protuberances. Internally, the image consists of itself, replicated on a smaller scale, within its own interior cavity. As such, it images both the notion of personhood as the aggregate of external relations (the outcome of genealogy, fanning out in time and space) and at the same time the notion of personhood as the possession of an interior person, a homunculus, or, in this instance, an assemblage of homunculi. We cannot individuate the A’a in the way in which we normally individuate persons by identifying the boundaries of their person with the spatial boundaries of their bodies, for the A’a has no such boundaries; it is like a Russian doll, and in this respect, it irresistibly recalls the lines in Peer Gynt in which the hero compares the (moral, biographical) person to an onion, composed of a succession, of concentric layers: A’a 最显著的是它以一种直接的方式将“单一”的神来表达众神的集合。A’a将单一与多数,内在与外在的对比显著化。表面上,这样的包含了自身重复的组合,又或者,一个连续的长出的 。 内在, 这个形象也以一个更小的规模包含了自身。这个神像在它体内的凹处以一个更小的规模包含了自己。 借此,它形塑了两个人之存在原理:一是外在关系的联合(家系血缘的结果,在时间和空间上扇形展开);二是一个内在的人格的占据,一个矮人,或者在这个例子里,多个矮人的一个集合。我们不能以利用通常的,以身体上的空间界限的方式,去个体化这个神像。这是因为A’a没有任何界限;就像一个俄罗斯套娃,如此一来,它不禁令人想起《培尔·金特》里的台词。此中男主角将(道德上,生物上的)人比喻成洋葱,同心的、一层层连续的瓣组成的。 -Why, you’re simply an onion- And now, my good Peter, I’m going to peel you And tears and entreaties won’t help in the least. [Taking an onion, he strips it skin by skin] There goes the battered outer layer- that’s the shipwrecked man on the dinghy’s keel. This layer’s the passenger-scrawny and thin, But still with a bit of a taste of Peer Gynt. Next underneath comes the gold-mining Self- the juice, if it ever had any is gone. This rough skin here, with the hardened patch is the fur-trapping hunter from Hudson’s Bay. We’ll throw that way without a word. Next the archaeologist, short but vigorous; and here’s the prophet, juicy and fresh- it stinks of lies, as the saying goes, and would bring tears to an honest man’s eyes. This skin, curled and effeminate, is the gentleman living his life of pleasure. The next looks unhealthy and streaked with black- black could mean either priests or niggers. [ He peels off several layers at once.] What an incredible number of layers! Don’t we get to the heart of it soon? [He pulls the whole onion to pieces] No, I’m damned if we do. Right down to the centre there’s nothing but layers-smaller and smaller… nature is witty! (Ibsen 1966:191) 《培尔·金特》 (萧乾 译 四川人民出版社 1983) P177 第五幕第五场 你不是个皇帝,你不过是个大葱头!我要剥你的皮啦,亲爱的培尔!祈祷呀!流泪呀!现在都白搭。 【拿起一个葱头,一层层地剥着皮。 这是外头一层皮,全蹭破了,裂口啦,这是一个快淹死的人在抓住沉船,底下一层是瘦得象跟稻草的乘客。尝尝看,还是有点儿培尔·金特的味道。里头这层就是淘金的“我”。它要是过水分的话,如今也已经枯干了。粗皮的这层就是赫德森湾那个猎取兽皮的。里面那层像个王冠。这个不敢领教!不必多说,把它扔掉就是了。这是位考古学家,个子不高,但很壮实。这位是预言家,新鲜多汁。照俗话说,它浑身发臭,满是谎言,足以使诚实人的眼眶里淌出泪水。这一层,又柔软又白净,是个风流人。底下一层样子可怜,满身黑斑,使人想到黑人和传教士。 【一下子剥掉几层。 可真有不少层!什么时候才剥出心子来哪? 【把整个葱头掰碎。 哎呀,它没有心子,一层一层地剥到头儿,越剥越小。老天真会跟人开玩笑! Peer Gynt’s onion is also a fractal, of the same essentially concentric form as the A’a. Ibsen’s idea, in utilizing this image is to show that there is no ultimate basis to Peer Gynt’s personhood; he is made of layers of biographical (relational) experience accreted together, for which none the less, he must take sole responsibility. Perhaps it is not such a vast step to pass from Peer Gynt trapped in the aporias of nineteenth-century materialism and individualism to the theological impulse which motivates the A’a, which depicts the divine creator, the mind of which the world is the body, in the form of a body composed of other bodies, ad infinitum. 培尔·金特的洋葱也是一个分形模型,是本质上相同的同轴形式,相当于A’a。易卜生的想法,是以这个形象来表象培尔·金特的性格中没有终极基础;他是由生物上(人际关系上)累积起来的经验所组成的, 也许从培尔·金特所被束缚的19世纪物质主义和个人主义跨越到激发A’a出现的神学上的推动力并不是那么大的一步。它说明了这个神的创造者认为世界就是身体,以一个由其他身体组成的身体的形式出现,永无止境。 This idea is given contemporary expression in the work on personhood in Melanesia, by writers such as Marilyn Strathern (1988; cf. Gell 1998) and Roy Wagner(1994).Wagner, in particular, has developed the notion of ‘Fractal Personhood’, which he mobilizes to overcome the typically ‘Western’ oppositions between individual(ego) and society, parts and wholes, singular and plural. The notion of genealogy, which is so signally expressed in our two Polynesian examples (both idols, of course), is the key trope for making plurality singular and singularity plural. Any individual person is ‘multiple’ in the sense of being the precipitate of a multitude of genealogical relationships, each of which is instantiated in his/her person, and conversely, an aggregate of persons, such as a lineage or tribe, is ‘one person’ in consequence of being one genealogy: the original ancestor is now instantiated, not as one body but as the many bodies into which his one body has transformed itself. Wagner writes: 据一些学者,如Marilyn Strathern (1988; cf. Gell 1998) and Roy Wagner(1994)所提到的,这样的想法在当代的美拉尼西亚的关于人存在的作品中有所表现。特别是Wagner发展了“分形人格”理论。他在其中提倡冲破典型的“西方”对于个人(自我)和社会、部分和整体、单数和复数的反对意见。系谱学的原理,被这两个波利尼西亚例子(当然都是偶像)是如此清晰地表达,是制造复数性的单数和单数性的复数的重要比喻。从作为众多的系谱关系的凝结物这层意义上说,任何个人都是“多重的”。每一层系谱关系都在他(她)的身上证明了,反过来说,人的聚合,比如在宗族或者部落里,是“一个人”在一个谱系关系里的结果:最原初的祖先现在可以被证实,不是一个肉身而是很多个,如同他身体的自我变形。Wagner 这样写到: A fractal person is never a unit standing in relation to an aggregate, or an aggregate standing in relation to a unit, but always an entity with relationship integrally implied. Perhaps the most concrete illustration of integral relationship comes from the generalized notion of reproduction and genealogy. People exist reproductively by being ‘carried’ as part of another, and ‘carry’ or engender others by making themselves genealogical or reproductive ‘factors’ of these others. A genealogy is thus an enchainment of people, as indeed persons would be seen to ‘bud’ out of one another in a speeded-up cinematic depiction of human life. Person as human being and person as lineage or clan are equally arbitrary sectionings or identifications of the enchainment, different projections of its fractality. But then enchainment through bodily reproduction is itself merely one of a number of instantiations of integral relationship which is also manifest, for instance, in the commonality of shared language. (1991:163) 一个分形人永远不是一个单位去代替和一个整体的关系,或者一个整体代替和一个单位的关系。它总是一个有着暗示性的整体关系的实体。对整体关系最确实的说明也许来自广义的再生产和系谱学的定义。人们得以再生产是因为被另一个的部分所“传送”,还通过把自己变得与他人有着再生产或者系谱上的关系来“传送”或者产生出其他人。一种系谱关系是一种人的约束关系,因为在快速播放的描写人类生活的电影场景中,人看起来就像是一个从另一个里发芽生长的。人作为人类或者人作为氏族或者宗族都是对这个约束关系同样模糊的分类或者认同,对于它的分形图案的不同投射。但是约束关系通过全部再生产,自身仅仅是一系列关于整体关系的例证。这些例证显而易见,譬如说共通语言中的共性特点。 From the anthropological point of view, if not the philosophical one, the solution to the conflict between the external notion of agency, deriving from insertion in the social milieu, and the ‘internalist’ theory of agency, deriving from an inner subjective self, is to be sought in this ‘enchainment’, the structural congruence between the inner self (which is relational) and the outer self (which is equally relational, but on an expanded scale). The ‘genealogical theory of mind’ which is explored, particularly, in Strathern’s work(1988) seems perfectly expressed in the form of the A’a. 如果从人类学的角度,而不是哲学上的思考的话,解决源自置入在社会环境里的外在作用和源自内在主管个体内在者理论之间矛盾的方法是在这种“约束关系”中寻找,内在个体(亲属的)和外在个体(同样是亲属的,但在一个更大的规模)结构上的一致性。”在Strathern的著作中所探讨的“思维的系谱学理论”看起来完美地在A’a上展现了。 But this artwork, and its Polynesian cousins, is not unique. In fact, the possession of ‘significant interiors’ is a very common feature of sculptural works specifically intended for cult use rather than as mere representations. Sculptural images which open up, like the A’a, to reveal other images, were manufactured in ancient Greece, and provided Alcibiades with a simile for his mentor, Socrates (as narrated by Plato in the Symposium 213-15) 不过这个作品,和它的波利尼西亚表亲一道,并不是独一的。实际上,“意味深长的内在”是调课作品十分常见的特点,尤其是那些专门用作宗教礼仪的作品,不仅仅是表征。雕像的形象公开了,如A’a,展现了在古希腊时期制作的其他塑像,同时提供给阿尔喀比亚德一个关于苏格拉底的比喻(在《柏拉图的《会饮》中叙述的》 I am here to speak in praise of Socrates, Gentlemen, and I will just do it by means of similes. Oh yes, he will perhaps think it is only for a bit of fun, but my simile will be for truth , not for fun. i say then, that he is exactly like a Silenos, the little figures that you see in statuaries’ shops; the craftsmen make them, they hold panpipes or pipes, and they can be opened up down the middle or folded back, and then they show inside them, images of the gods. And I say further, that he is like Marsyas the Satyr [ who was flayed by Apollo]… (《柏拉图的《会饮》》 刘小枫等译 华夏出版社,北京2003年8月 P101 阿尔喀比亚德颂扬苏格拉底) 要颂扬苏格拉底,哥儿们,我打算用些比喻。他本人也许会认为,这是在搞笑他;其实,讲实话才用得着比喻,搞笑反倒用不着。 我要说,苏格拉底活像雕刻铺钱摆的那些西勒诺斯,雕刻匠们把他们雕成手持牧管或萧的样子;要是把他们的身子向两边打开,【身子】里面的神像就露了出来。所以,我要说,他特别像那个叫做马尔苏亚的萨图尔。 Here the contrast is between the ugly exterior (body) and the divine interior (mind) of Socrates. The same kind of image was also developed in Christian cult art, though with a different theological implication. A class of holy statues called ‘vierges ouvrantes’ was made in the Middle Ages, though few have survived into the present, perhaps because these images were particularly conducive to idolatry, as the following passage from Camille’s work of The Gothic Idol shows. ‘Our Lady of Bolton’ which used, before the Reformation, to stand in a chapel of Durham cathedral was: 在这里的对比是关于苏格拉底丑陋的外在(身体)和神性的内在(思想)。在基督教宗教膜拜的艺术中,同类的形象也有出现,不过是另一种不同的神学喻示。一定程度上因为助长偶像崇拜而现存不多的一系列中世纪神像,叫做“vierges ouvrantes”(译者注:原文为法语,意为“可打开的圣母”,是一种外形为圣母玛利亚,可开合的神龛。)。在下列摘取自卡米尔的《哥特艺术:辉煌的视像》中使用的一段“Our Lady of Bolton”,在宗教改革之前,为了支持一个属于达勒姆总教堂的教堂。 January 01 公园前找鹅倒数计划全过程回顾2008的某日一日,我约了周东在2008年最后一日去芳村某店吃双皮奶。2008倒数第二日,我约了陈君杰第二日来中大帮我做功课。于是,在2008年的最后一日,这三个人组成一个前所未见的组合,无意识地进行辞旧迎新活动。 我们首先在芳村一个公厕旁的阿婆走鬼鱼蛋档排了很久的队,吃了不见得有什么特别的鱼蛋和面筋。然后完成了制定动作——双皮奶之后,在一间不麻辣的麻辣烫里坐下开涮。席间我们高谈阔论(还珠格格一剧是如何走红+美少女战士各战士的全名和性别),觥筹交错。其中我得知陈君杰同学打小就养成良好的收看电视节目的习惯,为日后的广泛涉猎夯实基础。 饱足后我们站在一架地铁自动售票机前、公园前出站手扶梯旁柱子前讨论了若干时间,对接下来何去何从深感迷茫。结果我们去了逛北京路。 北京路走到底,跨进了成记粥粉面的大门,上了二楼。又一轮筷子调羹,哲学与艺术,文学与人生,华附的前世今生。11时许,讲起人民公园,对话如下(如有不实不尽,两位请补充) :人民公园,去睇鸭lor,听讲好多MB架 :《孽子》咁?去lor去lor :仲黎唔黎得切啊? :得,好近之嘛。 :行啦! 本人一手抄起账单,拿起包就冲下楼。 三人穿过重重等候广场倒数的人群,直接往广州市人民公园奔去。 鸡鸭鹅都没有见到,见到很多警察(公安)叔叔,在赶人清场。迄今为止我都不明白清场的目的何在:担心鸡鸭鹅交易?担心群架?担心公园露宿者?担心情侣打得火热? 我们三人,不死心,决定以沿公园外步行一圈的方式绕过制服人员,再趁机混入。我们最后将目标锁定在中央的据说叫做“音乐亭”亭子中,找到做《孽子》的感觉。拨打12117对着标准北京时间,集体小跑冲向亭内。 倒数的结果?因为我重播了一次12117,结果我们听到的是中国电讯的广告接着甜美机械女声,“现在报时信号一响,零点零分十秒。” 对啊,我们错过了最后十秒倒数。哈哈哈哈~~~ |
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